Karl R . Popper
نویسنده
چکیده
I propose to begin my paper on the logic of the social sciences with two theses which formulate the opposition between our knowledge and our ignorance. First thesis: We know a great deal. And we know not only many details of doubtful intellectual interest but also things which are of considerable practical significance and, what is even more important, which provide us with deep theoretical insight, and with a surprising understanding of the world. Second thesis: Our ignorance is sobering and boundless. Indeed, it is precisely the staggering progress of the natural sciences (to which my first thesis alludes) which constantly opens our eyes anew to our ignorance, even in the field of the natural sciences themselves. This gives a new twist to the Socratic idea of ignorance. With each step forward, with each problem which we solve, we not only discover new and unsolved problems, but we also discover that where we believed that we were standing on firm and safe ground, all things are, in truth, insecure and in a state of flux. My two theses concerning knowledge and ignorance only appear to contradict one another. The apparent contradiction is primarily due to the fact that the words 'knowledge' and ' ignorance' are not used in the two theses as exact opposites. Yet both ideas are important, and so are both theses: so much so that I propose to make this explicit in the following third thesis. Third thesis: It is a fundamentally important task for every theory of knowledge, and perhaps even a crucial requirement, to
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تاریخ انتشار 2009